Chemistry

? value of diffusion depends on mass(molecular mass low, rate high) + temp( temp low, rate low)
?solid : particle are packed most to prevailher in an orderly manner; wad notwithstanding vibrate and rotate abt their fixed position; unfluctuating forces amid the particles; low energy content as movement is restricted
? fluent: particles are packed closely together but not in an orderly arrangement; can vibrate,rotate and move passim the liquid, they collide against each otherwise, are held together by strong forces but weaker than the forces in a solid, higher energy content.
? bodge: particles are very far apart from each other and are in a random arrangement; can vibrates, rotate and move freely, the rate of collision is greater than the rate of collision in a liquid; weak forces amidst particle, highest energy content as movement is random.
Sublimation: iodine, ammonium chloride, NH4CL, alter ice(solid CO2)
?Heating of naphthalene(mp:80) :
during the melting process, the temp remains constant because the rut energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces amidst particles so that the solid can turn into a liquid.



At this temp, both solid and liquid are present
water clean is used to ensure nap heted evenly+nap is flammable
? cool down of naphthalene:
during the freezing process, temp remain constant becoz the heat expiry to the surroundings is exactly balances by the heat energy liberate as the particles attract one another to form a solid.
nap is stirred continuously to avoid supercooling( temp drops at a lower place freezing point, without appearance of solid)
?Daltons : ball, Thompson: electron, Rutherford: proton+nucleus, Bohr:electron move in shells, Chadwick: neutrons
?Isotope: same num of proton, but diff num of neutron, diff physical property(density, mp, bp)
cobalt-60: radiotherapy for cancer,plutonium-238: regulate the heartbeat,iodine-131: thyroid disease,uranium-235: nuclear power, phosphorus-32: uptake of phosphate+metabolism of phosphorus, carbon-14:...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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