Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics
4.1 COALS AND COKE
Approximately 2930 MMtoe/y (toe tonnes of oil equivalent, approximately 42 GJ or 1.5 t hard coal or 3 t lignite) of coal is consumed each year (BP, 2006). Of this, about 35 MMt/y is gasified to produce 150 million Nm3/d of subtraction gas (Simbeck and Johnson, 2001). Roughly half of this gas is generated in the Sasol synfuels plants in South Africa, where the synthesis gas is used for the production of lucid hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Most of the remainder of this gas is used for ammonia water production and in China for the production of town gas. The correspond proven militia of coal amount to 909 109 t origination wide. burn consumption was stable over the period 19912001, but has increased at about 6% per year since then, predominantly in China (27% annual rate of increase 20012005) and India (6%). Coal consumption in North America and Europe has go on to remain stable over this period. Nonetheless, it plays an important part in the thinking of many long-term energy strategies, despite its argumentative role in the production of CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The reason for this can be seen from the figures in get across 4.1. The ratio of reserves to current production (R/P ratio) is 155.
In other words, at current consumption rates the humankinds reserves will last 155 historic period. compare this with 65 years for natural gas and 41 years for oil. Furthermore, the reserves are more evenly distributed than oil (62% of reserves in the Middle East) or natural gas (67% in the Middle East and Russia). The composition of coals is very complex, and the types of coal protest considerably. The detailed petrographic composition of the organic part of coals, often characterized by a so-called maceral analysis, has little influence on well-nigh gasification processes, and the interested reader is referred to the many treatises on this subject (see, for example, Speight, 1983; Smoot and Smith, 1985; Kural, 1994). authorised for...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my essay .
No comments:
Post a Comment